SMALL ARMS OF THE 30TH CENTURY - COILGUNS AND PHOTOARMS


First row:

3mm 3kJ light gauss rifle

4.5mm 5kJ heavy gauss rifle


Second row:

3mm 0.7kJ compact gauss pistol

4.5mm 1.5kJ magnum gauss pistol

EM incendiary projector (gauss flamer)


Third row:

5cm 3kJ light infantry laser  

7.5cm 5kJ heavy infantry laser


Bottom row:  

1.25cm 0.7kJ compact hand laser  

2.5cm 1kJ standard hand laser  

3.75cm 1.5kJ magnum hand laser 


(Example weapons shown produced by the Schilling & Campbell Arms Co. of Luna)


By the 30th century, chemical propellant firearms have been rendered totally obsolete by vastly more efficient coilguns and lasers. 



Coilguns:


Electromagnetic mass drivers are the primary projectile weapon of the 30th century. High density batteries permit the propulsive energy for hundreds of shots worth of ammunition to be stored in a convenient belt or backpack module, while the bulky magnetic acceleration coils can provide a higher projectile velocity for a given barrel length than any traditional chemical propellant firearm. 


Combustion guns remain preferred for certain applications such as launching smart guided micromissiles and nuclear grenades due to the electromagnetic pulse generated by the coils of a gauss rifle, but for the direct application of kinetic energy via unguided high-velocity mass, no other projectile weapon can match the efficiency of a 30th century gauss gun.


While gauss rifles enjoy greater popularity than laser carbines due to the superior performance of a projectile over a beam at long range, gauss pistols tend to be less popular than hand lasers due to their bulky magnetic coils and the superior performance of lasers at typical pistol ranges (rarely more than 50m).





Gauss-gun Statistics:



3mm 3kJ light gauss rifle  

2.78kg empty, 4kg w/ mag+cap, 7kg w/ battery  

3.6kJ capacitor drain, 4.32kJ battery drain (69-83% efficient)  

4g@1.22km/s, 100rd mag: 0.5kg  

10shot capacitor: 720grams (36kJ, 1.08MW)  

1000shot battery: 2.16kg (4.32MJ, 21.6kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 360rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 180rpm  

Effective range: 400m  

Maximum range: 1200m  

Estimated steel penetration at effective range: 18mm


_


4.5mm 5kJ heavy gauss rifle  

4kg empty, 6kg w/ mag+cap, 10kg w/ battery  

6kJ capacitor drain, 7.2kJ battery drain (69-83% efficient)  

6g@1.29km/s, 100rd mag: 0.8kg  

10shot capacitor: 1.2kg (60kJ, 1.8MW)  

1000shot battery: 3.6kg (7.2MJ, 36kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 360rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 180rpm  

Effective range: 500m  

Maximum range: 1500m  

Estimated steel penetration at effective range: 20mm


_


3mm 0.7kJ compact gauss pistol  

0.632kg empty, 1kg w/ mag+cap, 1.6kg w/ battery  

0.84kJ capacitor drain, 1kJ battery drain (69-83% efficient)  

4g@0.59km/s, 40rd mag: 0.2kg  

10shot capacitor: 168grams  (8.4kJ, 252kW)  

1000shot battery: 500grams (1MJ, 5kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 300rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 150rpm  

Effective range: 50m  

Maximum range: 500m  

Estimated steel penetration at effective range: 8mm


_


4.5mm 1.5kJ magnum gauss pistol  

0.94kg empty, 1.6kg w/ mag+cap, 2.8kg w/ battery  

1.8kJ capacitor drain, 2.16kJ battery drain (69-83% efficient)  

6g@0.7km/s, 40rd magazine: 0.3kg  

10shot capacitor: 360grams  (18kJ, 540kW)  

1000shot battery: 1080grams (2.16MJ, 16.2kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 300rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 150rpm  

Effective range: 70m  

Maximum range: 750m  

Estimated steel penetration at effective range: 10mm


_


EM incendiary projector / Gauss Flamer

0.76kg empty, 1.5kg w/ can+cap, 2kg w/ battery  

1.2kJ capacitor drain, 1.44kJ battery drain (69-83% efficient)  

75g@0.16km/s, 5rd canister: 0.5kg  

5shot capacitor: 120grams  (6kJ, 180kW)  

500shot battery: 360grams (720kJ, 5.4kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 180rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 90rpm  

Effective range: 20m  

Maximum range: 80m  

Gauss flamers project a mixture of thermite dust and incendiary aerosol laced with a nanoparticle ignition source which is activated by the magnetic field of the final acceleration coil assembly. Gauss flamers are popular despite their short range due to their effectiveness in confined spaces against both organic targets and nanoswarms.



-


Lasers:



By adjusting their beam properties, most lasers can also provide a less-lethal "stun" mode in addition to their standard burn and drill beams, and a reduced power torch mode that may be used for cutting or welding, or even for launching specially designed ablative propellant grenades.


Civilian photoarms are typically limited to a 1500nm eye-safe infrared beam to minimise risk of collateral blinding incidents, while military photoarms employ a 500nm visible green beam to minimise diffraction over range. When military green lasers are used in a populated area, a low-power "blinker" flash precedes the coherent weapon beam by several milliseconds to force unprotected bystanders to close their eyes.


While most photoarms can be fitted with a cable to recharge from an external battery pack, the cable may be disconnected and the internal 10rd capacitor may be replaced in a similar fashion to conventional firearm magazines.



Laser Statistics:



5cm 3kJ light laser carbine  

3kg capacitor only, 6kg with external battery  

4.5kJ capacitor drain, 5.4kJ battery drain (55-66% eff.)  

10shot capacitor: 900g (45kJ, 1.35MW)  

1000shot battery: 2700g (5.4MJ, 40.5kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 300rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 150rpm  

5cm (1.5μm Infrared / 0.5μm Green)  

1mm - 20m / 60m - 46.4mm on burn, 83.6mm on drill  

2mm - 40m / 120m - 12.9mm on burn, 55.3mm on drill  

3mm - 60m / 180m - 6mm on burn, 36.3mm on drill  

4mm - 80m / 240m - 3.4mm on burn, 24.4mm on drill  

5mm - 100m / 300m - 2.2mm on burn, 17.1mm on drill  

Settings: burn, drill, torch, stun  

Burn setting: 3000J pulse at 2.22ms duration  

Drill setting: 100x 30J pulse at 22ns duration w/ 22μs intervals  

Torch setting: CW @ 10% capacitor rating  

Stun setting: Synchronised Photo-Pulse Detonation


-


7.5cm 5kJ heavy laser carbine  

5kg capacitor only, 10kg with external battery  

7.5kJ capacitor drain, 9kJ battery drain  (55-66% eff.)  

10shot capacitor: 1500g (75kJ, 2.25MW)  

1000shot battery: 4500g  (9MJ, 67.5kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 300rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 150rpm  

7.5cm (1.5μm Infrared / 0.5μm Green)  

1mm - 30m / 90m - 73.4mm on burn, 104mm on drill  

2mm - 60m / 180m - 20.8mm on burn, 74mm on drill  

3mm - 90m / 270m - 9.7mm on burn, 51.7mm on drill  

4mm - 120m / 360m - 5.6mm on burn, 36.5mm on drill  

5mm - 150m / 450m - 3.6mm on burn, 26.4mm on drill  

Settings: burn, drill, torch, stun  

Burn setting: 5000J pulse at 2.22ms duration  

Drill setting: 100x 50J pulse at 22ns duration w/ 22μs intervals  

Torch setting: CW @ 10% capacitor rating  

Stun setting: Synchronised Photo-Pulse Detonation


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1.25cm 0.7kJ pocket laser pistol  

0.75kg capacitor only, 1.5kg with external battery  

1.05kJ capacitor drain, 1.26kJ battery drain (55-66% eff.)  

10shot capacitor: 210g (10.5kJ, 315kW)  

1000shot battery: 630g (1.26MJ, 9.45kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 240rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 120rpm  

1.25cm (1.5μm Infrared / 0.5μm Green)  

Range for spot size and steel penetration estimates  

1mm - 5m/15m - 12mm on burn, 41.5mm on drill  

2mm - 10m/30m - 3.2mm on burn, 21mm on drill  

3mm - 15m/45m - 1.5mm on burn, 11.4mm on drill  

4mm - 20m/60m - 0.9mm on burn, 6.7mm on drill  

5mm - 25m/75m - 0.6mm on burn, 4.2mm on drill   

Settings: burn, drill, torch, stun  

Burn setting: 700J pulse at 2.22ms duration  

Drill setting: 100x 7J pulse at 22ns duration w/ 22μs intervals  

Torch setting: CW @ 10% capacitor rating  

Stun setting: Synchronised Photo-Pulse Detonation


-


2.5cm 1kJ standard laser pistol  

1kg capacitor only, 2kg with external battery  

1.5kJ capacitor drain, 1.8kJ battery drain (55-66% eff.)  

10shot capacitor: 300g (15kJ, 450kW)  

1000shot battery: 900g  (1.8MJ, 13.5kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 300rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 150rpm  

2.5cm (1.5μm Infrared / 0.5μm Green)  

Range for spot size and steel penetration estimates   

1mm - 10m/30m - 16.9mm on burn , 49.8mm on drill  

2mm - 20m/60m - 4.5mm on burn, 27.3mm on drill  

3mm - 30m/90m - 2.1mm on burn, 15.4mm on drill  

4mm - 40m/120m - 1.2mm on burn, 9.5mm on drill  

5mm - 50m/150m - 0.8mm on burn, 6mm on drill  

Settings: burn, drill, torch, stun  

Burn setting: 1000J pulse at 2.22ms duration  

Drill setting: 100x 10J pulse at 22ns duration w/ 22μs intervals  

Torch setting: CW @ 10% capacitor rating  

Stun setting: Synchronised Photo-Pulse Detonation


-


3.75cm 1.5kJ magnum laser pistol  

1.5kg capacitor only, 3kg with external battery  

2.25kJ capacitor drain, 2.7kJ battery drain (55-66% eff.)  

10shot capacitor: 450g (22.5kJ, 675kW)  

1000shot battery: 1350g (2.7MJ, 20.25kW)  

Burst rate of fire: 240rpm  

Sustainable rate of fire: 120rpm  

3.75cm (1.5μm Infrared / 0.5μm Green)  

Range for spot size and steel penetration estimates  

1mm - 15m / 45m - 24.6mm on burn, 60.7mm on drill  

2mm - 30m / 90m - 6.7mm on burn, 35.9mm on drill  

3mm - 45m / 135m - 3.1mm on burn, 21.5mm on drill  

4mm - 60m / 180m - 1.8mm on burn, 13.6mm on drill  

5mm - 75m / 225m - 1.1mm on burn, 9.2mm on drill   

Settings: burn, drill, torch, stun  

Burn setting: 1500J pulse at 2.22ms duration  

Drill setting: 100x 15J pulse at 22ns duration w/ 22μs intervals  

Torch setting: CW @ 10% capacitor rating  

Stun setting: Synchronised Photo-Pulse Detonation 



_



Big thanks to Winchell Chung, John Schilling and Luke Campbell:  

http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/sidearmenergy.php


Laser damage calculator:  

http://panoptesv.com/SciFi/LaserDeathRay/DamageFromLaser.php


Spot size calculator:

https://www.lasercalculator.com/laser-spot-size-calculator/


Efficiency calculator:

https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/efficiency


Synchronised Photo-Pulse Detonation:  

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20030233931A1/en


Solid-state multi-diode laser carbine (25% efficient):

https://patents.google.com/patent/US9303958B2/en


Effects of Directed Energy Weapons:

https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=440713


Kinetic damage calculator:  

http://www.tankarchives.ca/p/demarre-calculator.html


Kinetic energy calculator:

https://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/physics/kinetic.php


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